水性樹脂材料的選擇和制作工藝
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水性樹脂材料的選擇和制作工藝
盡管水性樹脂擁有許多特性可以同超纖進行最佳的性能互補，但在應用過程和組合過程中仍有許多要點和難點，需要研究解決。
1、 正確選擇樹脂 一般來說，應針對不同的制革工藝、合成革的使用物性要求來選擇樹脂。 從工藝上來說，封低用的樹脂選擇一定要軟，不能有因封底后出現死板僵硬的感覺;粘結層樹脂應選擇結合牢度強，耐水解高的樹脂，這樣才能有效防止遇水脫膠或剝離強度不高的狀況發生;中層樹脂宜軟性好、彈性足;面頂層樹脂則按合成革的使用要求綜合各種因素進行考察選擇。頂層樹脂選擇不當，則合成革的風格特點將會完全改變。因此，選擇樹脂，重點是選擇頂層樹脂。 通常，鞋革需選擇水性高模量樹脂，需要水性樹脂具有耐磨、耐刮、耐折性能，如果是做淺色或白色革運動鞋時，應選擇高模量耐黃變水性樹脂。沙發革需選擇水性中模量樹脂，這類樹脂應具備抗磨耐刮性能以外，還要具備良好的耐臟抗污性，具有較好的手感特別是真皮一樣的觸感。服裝及軟包革則應選擇低模量的樹脂，這類樹脂，必須具有低溫柔軟性好，富有彈性，觸感類似于真皮，同時應具備可以進行干洗和水洗要求，即耐水和耐溶劑性能要求特別高。
2、 正確選擇工藝 超纖革加工一般是選擇合成革的純干法工藝，盡管工藝單一，但由于革面要求不同，革的使用性能不同，其加工工藝的選擇同樣十分重要， 根據革面紋路確定工藝。超纖基布含有一定的纖維松散在表面，這些纖維如果不進行一定的封底或填充處理，在超纖細花紋革尤其是超纖鏡面革上，會造成表面不平整、影響光亮度、影響視覺感。因此，如果生產細花紋或鏡面革時，通常要進行超纖基布的封底處理。同時，在干法生產工藝上，一般選擇二刀以上的上漿工藝，用增加涂膜的厚度來提高革面的視覺效果。深花紋的超纖革，上漿次數和上漿量以不露溝底為基本標準。 根據不同合成革的使用性能確定不同工藝。一般來說，鞋革需要的是較高強度的表面，因此，表面應保持較高的厚度，中層可以薄些，沙發革既要有較好的表面物性，又要有較好的觸感和彈性，故頂層和中層樹脂選擇相當的量。而服裝革和手袋革等，更注重的是彈性和手感，故應注意中層的上漿量加大，同時，粘貼層樹脂必須是低模量高用量。
Selection and manufacture Technology of Waterborne Resin Materials
Although waterborne resin has many properties that can complement each other best with superfiber, there are still many key points and difficulties in the process of application and combination, which need to be studied and solved.
1. Generally speaking, resin should be selected according to different leather making technology and the requirements of physical properties of synthetic leather.
From the technological point of view, the low use of resin selection must be soft, can not have the feeling of rigidity after sealing the bottom;
The adhesive layer resin should choose the resin with strong binding fastness and high hydrolysis resistance, so as to effectively prevent the occurrence of water degumming or low peeling strength, the middle layer resin is suitable for softness and elasticity, and the adhesive layer resin should be selected as the resin with strong binding fastness and high hydrolysis resistance.
The top layer resin was investigated and selected according to the requirements of synthetic leather.
If the top resin is not selected properly, the style characteristics of synthetic leather will be completely changed.
Therefore, the selection of resin, the focus is to select the top resin.
In general, shoe leather needs to choose water-based high modulus resin, water-based resin with wear resistance, scraping resistance, folding resistance, if it is to do light color or white leather sports shoes, should choose high modulus yellowing water-resistant resin.
Sofa leather needs to choose water-based medium modulus resin, this kind of resin should have anti-wear and scratch resistance, but also have good resistance to dirt and dirt, with good feel, especially leather-like touch.
Clothing and soft bag leather should choose low modulus resin, this kind of resin, must have low temperature softness, rich elasticity, touch similar to leather, at the same time should have the requirements of dry cleaning and water cleaning.
That is, the requirements of water resistance and solvent resistance are particularly high.
2. The correct selection of processing technology of ultra-fiber leather is generally the choice of pure dry process of synthetic leather. Although the process is single, due to the different requirements of leather surface and the different properties of leather, the selection of processing technology is also very important.
The process is determined according to the leather pattern.
The superfiber base cloth contains certain fibers loose on the surface. If these fibers are not sealed or filled, they will cause uneven surface, affect the brightness and affect the visual sense on the ultra-fiber fine pattern leather, especially on the ultra-fiber mirror leather.
Therefore, if the production of fine pattern or mirror leather, it is usually necessary to carry out ultra-fiber based cloth cover treatment.
At the same time, in the dry production process, the sizing process of more than two knives is generally selected, and the visual effect of leather surface is improved by increasing the thickness of the coating film.
For the ultra-fiber leather with deep pattern, the sizing times and sizing quantity are based on the non-exposed furrow bottom as the basic standard.
Different processes were determined according to the performance of different synthetic leather.
Generally speaking, shoe leather needs a higher strength surface, therefore, the surface should maintain a higher thickness, the middle layer can be thinner, sofa leather should not only have better surface physical properties, but also have better touch and elasticity.
Therefore, a considerable amount of resin is selected for the top layer and the middle layer.
Clothing leather and handbag leather, etc., pay more attention to elasticity and feel, so we should pay attention to the increase of the sizing amount of the middle layer, at the same time, the adhesive layer resin must be low modulus and high dosage.
更新日期：2019-08-02
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